by Jess Leong, HaveFunBiking.com

You’re all bundled up against the winter chill, and everything seems to be going well, then suddenly, you have a bike tire flat. You look down and find you’re riding on a flat tire, and the air is gone. It’s the last thing you want to deal with in the cold, but you must always be prepared.

Reasons for bike tire flat in Winter?

Flats happen for a variety of reasons. In general, there are three different types of flats. These are:

• Punctures – Any time an object passes through the tire’s tread, it is considered a puncture. Usually, the hole left in the tire is small enough that you can just replace the tube.

• Slashes – This is when an object cuts the sidewall of the tire. Usually, if a tire is slashed, it needs to be repaired or booted (a temporary patch on the tire itself) before a new inner tube can be installed.

• Pinch flats (also known as a snake bite) – This happens when the tire hits a square-edged object (curb, pothole, etc.), and the object “pinches” the inner tube between itself and the metal rim of the bicycle. This usually leaves two small holes in the inner tube (hence, snake bite).

No matter what season it is, these flats are typical. Here are a few more reasons why flats happen to a large degree in winter:

• Air pressure – Air pressure in your tire decreases as the temperature drops. This means that a tire inflated at room temperature will have a much lower pressure when ridden near freezing. Lower pressures increase the possibility of pinch flats.

• Hidden sharps – Running over sharp objects such as glass, nails, or metal that is hidden in the snow. Snow can buffer some of these objects from getting to your tires, but it can also hide these materials.

• Tire flexibility – As the temperature drops, the rubber in tires typically becomes stiffer. A tire is built to deform over objects and absorb the impact. However, the tire cannot deform easily when the rubber becomes stiff. This can make it easier for the tire to puncture.

Consider Other Tire Options for Winter

Many tire companies produce puncture-resistant tires. Typically, these tires will have a thicker rubber tread or use a belt under the tread designed to stop sharp objects. They also incorporate a reinforced sidewall to resist slashes. Puncture resistance does come at a cost, both financially and in the form of ride quality. Many riders will purchase these tires specifically for winter use and switch back to something lighter and better riding in the spring.

Another option is to use studded tires. Studded tires are usually built to be puncture-resistant and are the only option for traction on ice.

Know How to Change a Flat in Regular Conditions

First and foremost, you need to know how to change a bike flat. If you don’t know how to change a tire in the best conditions, you probably won’t be able to do it in the cold. Before taking the bike for a spin, take a few minutes to refresh your memory on how to change a flat if it ever happens to you.

Also, check out our article for six items for your ride. These items are great to keep with you year-round.

Carry Gear to Change Your Flat Quickly

Working on your bike in the winter is a game of time – the longer it takes, the colder you get. With this in mind, pack tools and products that help you move quickly. A dedicated tire lever (rather than one that is part of a multitool or patch kit) offers a better grip and more leverage. A CO2 inflator will get you up to pressure and back riding in seconds, while a pump could take minutes. Carrying a 4″ section of the old tire with the beads cut off (a bead is the thick rubber portion of the tire that makes contact with the rim) can act as a quick tire boot in case you slash the tire. Most importantly, check the tire thoroughly for objects before putting the new tube in. Run your fingers on the inside of the tire, feeling for sharp objects, while visually inspecting the outside a few inches in front of your fingers.

Gloves with Good Movement, But Still Warm

This certainly sounds like a tall order! However, if you can, try to find suitable winter gloves that keep your fingers nice and warm but allow some dexterity. Numb fingers don’t help when changing a tire and can even hinder your ability to fix your flat adequately.

If all else fails, wear warm gloves, and if a flat occurs you can change your riding gloves to another pair that allows for more movement of your fingers.

Inspecting your Tires

Before heading out, check your bike’s tires. Inspect them carefully to ensure they are still correctly inflated. Look for any nails, glass, or other debris that could puncture the tube. Check the tire’s condition by looking for cracks in the rubber, threads coming free of the sidewall, or worn tread.

Carry Good Walking Shoes

If all else fails, ensure you have a good pair of walking shoes. It’s handy whether you’re already wearing them or in your pack. Sometimes, the only option you have is your own two feet. If you’re not too far away or have to walk back to an area, good shoes are a must to walk the rest of the way!

Remember Your Phone

If something happens, you always want to have your phone handy. It’s cold out, and you never know when you might need to call for backup or to let a worried friend or family member know why you’re running late.

Sadly, flats are inevitable and can happen to anyone, anywhere. Even if you take all the proper precautions and get puncture-resistant tires, you can still find yourself sitting on the side of the road staring at a deflated tire.

Know how to repair a flat, and practice it at least twice. You will find the first time daunting, but the second to go quickly. Know your surroundings, know your route, and always be prepared.

Be safe, and have fun!

Jess Leong is a writer for HaveFunBiking.com.